Fig. 1: Physical characterizations of the PdC60 composite catalyst. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Physical characterizations of the PdC60 composite catalyst.

From: Unlocking cathodic potential dependent Pd deactivation for energy efficient CO2 electroreduction to formate

Fig. 1

a TEM image of PdC60 and SAD of the inset region. High-resolution TEM of b Pd particles and c C60 substrate in PdC60. d EDS mapping images of PdC60. e Pd 3d XPS and f estimated ratio of Pdδ+ species within PdC60, PdC and pristine PdNPs after CO2R, demonstrating the increased Pdδ+ ratio of PdC60. g In situ Pd K-edge XANES of PdC60 and standard reference samples (Pd foil, PdC, and PdO). h The rising edge of in situ Pd K-edge XANES of the selected region in (g), showing the presence of Pdδ+ under catalytic conditions. The in situ XANES experiment was conducted at 25 °C and with 1 M KOH as the electrolyte (pH = 14.05 ± 0.02). 100% iR compensation was applied for all cathodic potentials. Typical solution resistance for 1 M KOH was measured to be 2.1 Ω ± 0.3 Ω. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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