Fig. 4: Comparison of synchronization behavior in NeuroScale, Loihi, and TrueNorth.

a Adaptive synchronization in NeuroScale. The large square represents the array of cores at a particular moment in wall-clock time. Colors indicate simulation time within each core, and arrows show the progression of wall-clock time. Cores with lower spiking activity advance time faster. b Progression of simulation time in the three systems, shown with normalized wall-clock time. Each dot represents a simulation time increment for a core. c A magnified view of subplot (b). TrueNorth cores advance time synchronously at fixed intervals. Loihi cores also advance time synchronously, but the synchronization intervals vary based on system-wide activity levels (e.g., compare the first interval with the last). NeuroScale cores advance time asynchronously, enabling them to adapt to local changes in computational loads.