Fig. 4: Modulation characteristics on Er:TFLN.
From: Unifying optical gain and electro-optical dynamics in Er-doped thin-film lithium niobate platform
a False-color picture of a intensity modulator on Er:TFLN. b False-color picture of a phase modulator on Er:TFLN. c Electro-optic response of a intensity modulator with and without pump light. d, e Eye diagrams with and without pump light. OOK, on-off keying. f Modulation performance setup of phase modulator. g–j Spectrum of sideband modulation with pump light and without pump light via off-chip measurement. fmod, modulation frequency.
