Fig. 1: Fusion dynamics of hPDC spheroids.

In 4 conditions: C8 medium (C8), C8 w/o Y-27632 Rho kinase inhibitor (ROCKi−), C8 w/o TGF-β1 (TGF−) and C8 + 100 μm Y-27632 Rho kinase inhibitor and 25 μm blebbistatin (Bleb/ROCKi+). A bright-field microscopy snapshot at 0, 120, 300 and 1440 min after the start of fusion. Results are representative of 5 independent biological repeats shown in Supplementary Fig. 2. B Illustration of the fusion angle θ, with fitted circular contours for each spheroid. C Temporal evolution of the average fusion angle for 4 treatment conditions, together with the fit of Eq. (1). Data acquired from a single experiment, n = 7, 10, 8, 9, for resp. C8, ROCKi−, TGF−, Bleb/ROCKi+. D Fusion timescale τf and E Equilibrium fusion angle θeq for 4 treatment conditions. Data is pooled from 5 different experiments, see Supplementary Fig. 2, with n = 38, 46, 44, 22 for resp. C8, ROCKi−, TGF−, Bleb/ROCKi+. Horizontal bars represent the mean and data extrema (min-max). Significance with two-sided Dunnett’s test comparing treatments versus C8. n.s.: p > 0.05, ***: p < 0.001, ROCKi−: p = 6.22E-11; TGF−: p = 0.62; Bleb/ROCKi+: p = 1.82E-10.