Fig. 1: DFT calculations and screening mechanisms of Na0.6Mn1-xTMxO2 (TM: doping candidates) samples.

a Stepwise screening mechanisms. b Theoretical calculations of electron localization functions (ELF) for the pristine structure and doped structures with Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn. c Variation of TM-O bond lengths. d DFT calculations of sodium migration barriers for the Na0.6Mn1-xTixO2 (xā=ā0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) cathodes. The solid lines represent the calculated energy profile along the full migration path, while data points indicate the corresponding peak values of the migration barriers for each composition. eāi Density of states (DOS) calculations of e NMO, f NMT-2, g NMT-5, h NMT-10, i NMT-15.