Fig. 9: In situ editing of gut microbiota by HMs-Phages. | Nature Communications

Fig. 9: In situ editing of gut microbiota by HMs-Phages.

From: In situ gut microbiota editing: enhancing therapeutic efficacy for bacterial colitis by compatible oral hydrogel microspheres with phages

Fig. 9: In situ editing of gut microbiota by HMs-Phages.

The relative abundance of (a) Salmonella, (b) Faecalibacterium, and (c) Ruminococcus. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6 mice per group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns, no significance). Exact p-values: panel (a): PBS vs. Phages, p = 0.0017; PBS vs. HMs-Phages, p < 0.0001; Phages vs. HMs-Phages, p < 0.0001; HMs-Phages vs. CIP, p > 0.9999; panel (b): Health vs. HMs-Phages, p = 0.8688; PBS vs. Phages, p > 0.9999; Phages vs. HMs-Phages, p < 0.0001; HMs-Phages vs. CIP, p < 0.0001; panel (c): Health vs. HMs-Phages, p = 0.1961; PBS vs. Phages, p > 0.9999; Phages vs. HMs-Phages, p < 0.0001; HMs-Phages vs. CIP, p = 0.0033. d Schematic illustration of HMs-Phages regulating gut flora. Salmonella phages were delivered to the intestine via hydrogel microspheres to precisely lyse pathogens. The prebiotic ingredients (SA and HA) of the hydrogel microspheres served as nutrient substances, effectively increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and related metabolites, thereby synergistically restoring gut flora balance. HMs hydrogel microspheres. HMs-Phages, hydrogel microspheres with phages. CIP ciprofloxacin. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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