Fig. 2: Determination of the Ni promoter in Cu and the hydroxylated surface.

a Cu K-edge XANES spectra of the Cu-MA and Cu3Ni-MA. b Ni K-edge XANES spectra of the Ni-MA and Cu3Ni-MA. c FT-EXAFS of the Cu K-edge of the Cu-MA and Cu3Ni-MA. d FT-EXAFS of the Ni K-edge of the Cu-MA and Cu3Ni-MA. e, f WT-EXAFS of Cu K-edge signal for the Cu3Ni-MA and Cu foil, respectively. g EPR spectra of Cu-MA and Cu3Ni-MA. h TGA curve of Cu-MA, Ni-MA and Cu3Ni-MA.