Fig. 1: Clinical protocol for P. coatneyi-infected macaques with or without methylene blue treatment.

a Experimental groups: uninfected and untreated group (Pcoat⁻ MB⁻), infected and untreated group (Pcoat⁺ MB⁻), infected and treated with different MB doses groups (Pcoat⁺ MB^6mg/kg, Pcoat⁺ MB^10mg/kg and Pcoat⁺ MB^17mg/kg). Created in BioRender. Malleret, B. (2025) https://BioRender.com/9np9vxb. b Parasitemia follow-up during P. coatneyi infection (2 weeks) with the MB treatment regimen between D7 and D11 post-infection, when treated groups are given two doses of MB daily intravenously. The experimental endpoint for the untreated group is indicated with a red arrow, while the euthanasia periods for treated groups are marked with arrowheads, each color code corresponding to the respective treatment group. Purple, 6 mg/kg MB; Green, 10 mg/kg MB; Blue, 17 mg/kg MB. Parasitemia levels are shown as mean ± SEM from biological replicates with n = 4 Pcoat⁻ MB⁻, n = 5 Pcoat⁺ MB⁻, and n = 9 Pcoat⁺ MB⁺.