Fig. 2: Microstructure and morphology studies of R-xCe samples.

a1 HAADF-STEM image of R-0.2Ce. a2 EDS mapping of La, Ce, Ni, Cr, and O elements. b HR-SEM image of the exsolved Ni nanoparticle of R-0.2Ce. c SEM images of R-0Ce. d SEM images of R-0.4Ce. e Particle size distribution of exsolved nanoparticles of three samples (R-0Ce, R-0.2Ce, R-0.4Ce). f AC-HAADF-STEM images of R-0.2Ce and EDS mapping of Ce and Cr elements. g AC-HAADF-STEM image of R-0.2Ce and h corresponding showcasing diagram of perovskite A-site content in three layers.