Fig. 6: In situ DRIFTS analysis.

In situ DRIFTS spectra of PC-In2O3, PC-In2O3-450, and PC-In2O3-H2 under a flow of a DMC and b then H2. Note: The catalysts were pretreated under a flow of Ar at 100 °C for 1 h. Subsequently, a flow of Ar was passed through a DMC solution at room temperature and introduced into the in situ cell. DRIFTS signals were recorded at intervals of 30 s (a). Subsequently, the gas flow was switched to pure Ar to eliminate the physically adsorbed DMC until the spectra stabilized. Finally, a flow of 50 vol.% H2/Ar gas was introduced and maintained for another 30 min to collect the DRIFTS signal every 30 s (b).