Fig. 4: TUSC3 KO mice exhibit intellectual disability phenotypes.

a, b Schematic of the Y-maze test (a) and spatial memory performance in WT and TUSC3 KO mice (b). Created with BioRender.com. Schematic of the novel object recognition (NOR) test (c) and representative tracking plots in the open field in the NOR test (d). Created with BioRender.com. e The NOR test (discrimination index) for WT and TUSC3 KO mice. f, g Schematic of the forced swim test (FST), consisting of a 120 s adaptation phase followed by 240 s of immobility measurement (f) and immobility time in the FST, assessing stress-coping ability in WT and TUSC3 KO mice (g). Created with BioRender.com. h, i Schematic of the tail suspension test (TST), with immobility recorded over 360 s (h) and immobility time in the TST for WT and TUSC3 KO mice (i). Created with BioRender.com. j, k Schematic of three-chambered social interaction test (j) and representative tracking plots from the social interaction test, showing times spent in each chamber (k). Created with BioRender.com. l, m Social interaction preference in TUSC3 KO mice, assessed by time spent with the novel mouse (l) and sniffing time (m). n–q Schematic of three-chambered social preference test (n) and representative tracking plots of WT and TUSC3 KO mice in social preference test (o). Social preference for the novel mouse of WT and TUSC3 KO mice in the social preference test (p). Sniffing time data confirms this lack of preference (q). Created with BioRender.com. In all behavioral experiments, 4-month-old mice were used: WT: 9 (5 F, 4 M); KO: 10 (6 F, 4 M). Two-tailed unpaired t-test (b, e, g, i), Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test (l, m, p, q). All data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. Source data are provided as a Source data file.