Fig. 5: Longitudinal EVP changes during chemotherapy.

A The cell titer glow (CTG) dose response curve to paclitaxel (PTX) is shown for susceptible (GBM43C, purple) and resistant (GBM43T, green) GBM cell lines. At each concentration, n = 3 technical replicates are measured for each sample. Error bars indicate the standard error. B Measurement of Annexin-V (+) cells at increasing doses of PTX (0, 50, and 500 nM) revealed a progressive increase of apoptosis only in the susceptible cell line GBM43C. C NTA quantification of EVPs after treatment of GBM cell lines with PTX indicates that GBM43C has increasing EVP release associated with increased dose of PTX. D The distribution of EVP sizes did not change significantly with administration of increasing PTX, and remained in the EVP size range. E The slope direction of EVP ratios between cycles #1 and #2 was related to overall survival across patients (Cox hazards ratio = 0.203; Wald test p = 0.05, two-sided). A slope of zero is marked by the dashed line, and patients with positive and negative slopes are colored light blue and red, respectively. The grey ribbon represents the standard error of the fitted regression line. F Patients with negative EVP slopes had worse overall survival, shown in this Kaplan–Meier curve (log-rank p = 0.035). G Our data supports a model whereby patients that harbor paclitaxel-susceptible tumors have increased cell death with treatment, resulting in elevated EVP release and longer overall survival. Schema created using BioRender. For each panel, source data are provided as a Source Data file.