Fig. 3: Key amino acid substitutions driving transitions between adjacent antigenic clusters of H5.
From: Dominant substitutions underlying the antigenic evolution of H5 influenza virus
a Detailed mutation information of 6 M and 6′M. b Identification of key mutations determining antigenic difference between ancestral and 2.3.4.4* clades. Ancestral (forward) and 2.3.4.4* (reverse) was used as template for mutational modifications to assess the escape from ancestral (n = 2 biological samples) and 2.3.4.4*-immunized serum (n = 3 biological samples). Values were shown as geometric means with geometric standard deviations (SD). c Identification of key mutations determining antigenic difference between 2.3.4.4* clades and 2.3.4.4 h clade. 2.3.4.4* (forward) and 2.3.4.4 h (reverse) was used as template for mutational modifications to assess the escape from 2.3.4.4* and 2.3.4.4h-immunized serum (n = 3 biological samples). d Distribution of positions 88, 131, 139, 199, 205, and 289 across epitopes on the H5 HA protein, using the H3 epitope classification as a reference. e Evolutionary trajectories of positions 88, 131, 139, 199, 205, and 289. Dashed lines separate ancestral, 2.3.4.4*, and 2.3.4.4 h, and the different colors represent various amino acids. The results are based on 3 technical replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
