Fig. 5: Estimation of the effect of multi-tissue Coeae6g up-regulation on insecticide sensitivity, using standard WHO bioassays.

Insecticide sensitivity was assessed in WHO discriminating doses upon 1 h exposure, comparatively between a GAL4/UAS-An. gambiae (Ang)- Coeae6g and the control docking line Ubi-GAL4; and b GAL4/UAS-An. coluzzii (Anc)- Coeae6g and the control docking line A11. Individual values from n = 3 to 7 biological replicates (20–25 randomly picked females, from different batches) are shown and bars represent SEM n. Asterisk (*) denotes statistical significance between mortality rates of the two lines, estimated by Welch’s t-test (two-tailed), as: a p = 0.027; and b p = 0.046. Statistically non-significant differences are not indicated. The red dotted line corresponds to the 90% mortality WHO threshold indicating resistance. PM Pirimiphos methyl.