Fig. 2: Effects of management and warming on N transformation in soil and N partition between wheat and microorganisms.

Contribution of 15N-NO3− or 15N-NH4+ to total 15N recovery in wheat and microorganisms (a, b, d, e), ratios of 15N uptake by microorganisms to 15N uptake by wheat (c, f) and soil gross N mineralization rate, gross N nitrification rate, and gross N immobilization rates (g–i). Data are presented as with mean values ± s.e.m. (n = 4 independent soil samples per treatment). Statistical significance between treatments was determined using two-sided Student’s t tests. All reported p values result from two-sided statistical tests. Asterisks indicate significant differences (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0 .05). Micro/wheat recovery 15NO3−: ratio of 15NO3− recovery by microorganisms to that by wheat; Microb/wheat recovery 15NH4+: ratio of 15NH4+ recovery by microorganisms to that by wheat; GMR gross N mineralization rate, GNR gross N nitrification rate, GIR gross N immobilization rates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.