Fig. 3: Denosumab treatment delayed OA progression in MIA-induced or aged murine models.

A Safranin O/Fast green staining of knee joints from vehicle, MIA and MIA + denosumab rats. Scale bar = 200 μm. The OA severity of the knee joints was evaluated using the OARSI score (n = 6, biological replicates). B H&E staining of synovium in vehicle, MIA and MIA + denosumab rats. Scale bar = 100 μm. Synovitis scores were measured (n = 6, biological replicates). C Safranin O/Fast green staining of knee joints in young (3-month-old), old (18-month-old) and old + denosumab mice. Scale bar = 200 μm. The OA severity of the knee joints was evaluated using the OARSI score (n = 6, biological replicates). D H&E staining of synovium in the young, old and old + denosumab mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. Synovitis scores were measured (n = 6, biological replicates). Source data and P values are provided in the Source Data file. Data are presented as median with interquartile range. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons (A–D). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.