Fig. 3: Encoding of English Letters Utilizing TDON Nodes.

a A schematic diagram of the TDON data domain and pointer domain is provided. In the floor plan, the area within the gray line frame represents the attachment position of SA, which is the data domain, and the area within the blue frame is the pointer domain of TDON. In the three-dimensional view, the black short cylinders represent the orientation code domain, and the orange cylinders represent the Alphabetic code domain. The data in the data domain is read in a clockwise direction. b A flowchart for the writing and reading process of English letters is illustrated. The figure describes the English alphabet alongside its corresponding binary code table and provide a stepwise depiction of the encoding procedure for the letter ‘A’ within the TDON node. c The AFM images showcase the storage of all 26 English letters on the TDON nodes, shown images are from one experiment representative of 3 independent replicates. d The assembly process of ten different TDON nodes is depicted. The AFM images illustrate the synthesis of five distinct dimer letter combinations: ‘HE’, ‘L1L2’, ‘O1W’, ‘O2R’, and ‘L3D’. e The graph shows the frequencies of the dimer nodes to be 18.62 ± 0.31% ~ 19.87 ± 0.35%, with a node mismatch rate of 3.83 ± 0.95%. The sample size is denoted as N. Error bars represent Standard Deviation (SD). Data are from n = 3 independent experiments, presented as mean ± SD. Individual data points from each experiment are overlaid on the bars. Scale bar: 50 nm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.