Fig. 4: Integration and velocity inference of two HSPCs.

a The UMAP coordinates obtained from original concatenated gene expression of the two samples (Top) and latent cell embedding from MultiVeloVAE after batch correction (Bottom). The same sets of UMAPs are colored by cell types, batch labels, inferred latent time, and CD133 expression. Velocity streams denote batch-corrected lineage predictions. b Phase portraits and dynamic plots of several lineage marker genes colored by batch label and cell types, before (Top) and after (Bottom) batch correction. c Distributions of rate parameters for the two batches. d Performance benchmarking of batch effect removal metrics from scIB. e Performance benchmarking of biological variance conservation metrics from scIB. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.