Fig. 2: The structure of the wave spring model and the finite element simulation of its mechanical properties.
From: A tactile gripper on an optical fiber for perception and actuation
a Design principle of the wave spring that consists of multi-layers of circular wave belts. b A partially transparent model of the wave spring employed in the finite element analysis. c Displacement simulation of the wave springs subjected to different stretching and compression loads, D1, D2, t and h of the wave spring are 80 µm, 75 µm, 1 µm and 10 µm, respective. d Dependence of the displacement on the applied loads in both stretching and compression processes. e Displacement simulation of the wave springs with different belt thicknesses under the same load. f Dependence of the displacement on the applied loads, in which the belt thickness of the wave spring varied from 0.5 to 2 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
