Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the engineered probiotic-based oral vaccine system for tumor immunotherapy. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the engineered probiotic-based oral vaccine system for tumor immunotherapy.

From: Probiotic-based oral vaccine mucosal delivery system enabling genetically encoded dual-antigen arrays

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the engineered probiotic-based oral vaccine system for tumor immunotherapy.

Engineered bacteria were co-transformed with pET22b-OVA-RGD-Fn-TRP2 and pBAD33-phiX174 plasmids and termed BacOR-Fn-T+phiX174. The lac and ara promoters are IPTG- and arabinose-inducible, respectively. Upon oral administration with IPTG-induced BacOR-Fn-T+phiX174 and arabinose, the bacteria lyse in the gut, releasing the OR-Fn-T nanoparticles. OR-Fn-T crosses the intestinal barrier via RGD-mediated M cell targeting and induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses to eliminate tumors and provide long-term immune surveillance.

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