Fig. 5: ISG performance across varied pH.
From: Ion-selective interface engineering for durable electrolysis of impure water

a OH− transport rate and surface-bulk ΔpH at the cathode across a pH range from 6.3 to 10. b Voltage profiles of the ISG-protected cathode during 200 h HER under different pH conditions: pH = 1 (tested at 10 mA cm−2), pH = 8.2 and 14 (tested at 100 mA cm−2). c Faradaic efficiency and voltage change after 200 h HER under different pH conditions. d H+ transport rate and ΔpH at the anode from pH 6.3 to 10. e Voltage profiles of the ISG-protected anode during 200 h OER under pH = 1, 8.2, and 14, all tested at 100 mA cm−2. f Faradaic efficiency and voltage change after 200 h OER under different pH conditions. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.