Fig. 2: The interacting filaments–vesicle system at Δp = 0.

Representative equilibrium system morphologies for highly flexible filaments (YI/(κR) = 0.1) obtained from numerical optimization (a) and MD simulations (b). c–e Morphological phase diagrams in terms of L/(πR) and χ for YI/(κR) = 0.1, 1, and 10, respectively. In (a), respective values of (L/(πR), χ) are provided below each morphology. In (b), corresponding values of (L/(πR), 1/εr, bs/Σ) are displayed, where bs is the simulation box size adjusted to accommodate elongated vesicles and Σ is the length unit in MD simulations. The length scales in (a) and (b) are identical. Symbols in c–e correspond to the framed morphologies in panel (a), Supplementary Fig. S7 and Fig. S8, respectively. The solid (dashed) phase boundaries denote discontinuous (continuous) morphological transitions.