Fig. 7: PVP-057 adjuvant amplified cell mediated immunity.

6–8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were immunized with non-adjuvanted VZV gE, with AS01B-adjuvanted VZV gE, or with VZV gE adjuvanted with PVP-057. Formulations were administered IM or ID. Splenocytes were obtained 15 days post-immunization, dissociated to single cell suspension and restimulated with VZV gE-specific peptides for evaluation by spectral flow cytometry. VZV gE-specific TNF⁺ (A) IL-2⁺ (B) and IFNγ⁺ (C) cells in the effector CD4⁺ T cell compartment were quantified. Significant PVP-057 adjuvantation and improvement over AS01B-adjuvanted responses were observed in ID-administered mice. D A correlation analysis between CD4⁺ TNF⁺ (x-axis) versus CD4⁺ IL-2⁺ (x-axis) cells displayed a significant positive correlation, with the 95% confidence interval displayed in gray. Box plots depict median and interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending to minimum and maximum data points. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed, followed by an ordinary one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s (A) or Kruskal–Wallis with post-hoc Dunn’s test (B, C) according to normality. For the correlation evaluation, a Spearman’s correlation was employed (D). N = 7 biological replicates per group, except for the ID gE + AS01B group (N = 6). ^NSp > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.