Fig. 8: PVP-057 adjuvanticity was TLR3-dependent.

6–8-week-old C57BL/6 WT or TLR3 KO mice were immunized ID with VZV gE antigen with or without 100 nmol of PVP-057. Mice were immunized on Day 0. Serum samples were collected 14 days after the initial immunizations. (A) Anti-gE IgG, (B) IgG1, and (C) IgG2c titers were assessed. Mean antibody titers are labeled above groups. Box plots depict median and interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers extending to minimum and maximum data points. D Activity of PVP-057 in TLR3 KO mice is shown as a percentage of activity in WT mice immunized with gE + PVP-057 on Day 14. Mice were boosted on Day 14, and serum samples were collected on Day 28, 133, and 185. E Longitudinal Anti-gE IgG2c titers were assessed for WT and TLR3 KO groups immunized with gE + PVP-057. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Ordinary 2-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test was applied for multiple comparisons. N = 7 (gE alone) or 8 (gE + PVP-057) biological replicates per group. ^NSp > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, and ****p ≤ 0.0001 indicates comparisons made between WT and TLR3 KO groups. For comparisons between overall groups, Mann–Whitney U tests were applied, ^NSp > 0.05, ⁺p ≤ 0.05, ⁺⁺p ≤ 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺p ≤ 0.001, ⁺⁺⁺⁺p ≤ 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.