Fig. 3: ENSO impact on global vegetation resilience.
From: ENSO amplifies global vegetation resilience variability in a changing climate
a Synchronization impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on resilience. b Regional differences in lag-1 autocorrelation (AC) trends between affected and unaffected regions during 1981–2018. The dashed line represents the regional average. The inset box in the top right corner magnifies the difference in regional averages. Asterisks indicate statistical significance between groups based on both the Whitney U-test and Student’s t-test: p < 0.05(*); p < 0.01(**); p < 0.001(***). Climate-mediated teleconnection effects on vegetation resilience: c–e Impacts of ENSO-induced anomalies in temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation on vegetation resilience, respectively. f, g Combined impact of these climate anomalies during El Niño and La Niña on vegetation resilience, respectively; h Overall impact of ENSO-induced climate anomalies on vegetation resilience. Plus (+) and minus (−) signs indicate positive and negative impacts, respectively, with numbers indicating impact intensity, calculated as the sum of individual ENSO-climate anomaly impacts. Basemap data © Esri; Garmin; GEODIS; GMI; CIA World Factbook.
