Fig. 5: Contribution of meteorological factors (MF) and anthropogenic factors (AF) to concomitant pollution caused by NH4+/NH3 and HNO3/NO3−.
From: Reactive nitrogen-driven atmospheric multiphase buffering induces unintended concomitant pollution
a MF/AF to concomitant pollution caused by NH4+/NH3 in January. b In July. c MF/AF to concomitant pollution caused by HNO3/NO3− in January. d In July. In Figs (a–d), MF/AF serves as an indicator characterizing the relative contributions of meteorological factors (MF) and anthropogenic factors (AF), defined as the ratio of meteorological to anthropogenic factors. When MF/AF exceeds 1 (depicted in green in the figures), meteorological factors dominate; conversely (depicted in red), anthropogenic factors exert a greater influence. e The season variation of concomitant pollution, HNO3 concentration, and NH3 concentration in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, South Africa, and North America.
