Fig. 2: Comparison of number-density projection from 3D FLASH simulation with corresponding synthetic phase-contrast X-ray image, including calibration to experimental measurements.
From: Multi-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield accelerator

a Illustration of mapping between FLASH projected density distributions to synthetic phase-contrast X-ray images with Fresnel-Kirchhoff algorithm. b Comparison of center lineouts between density simulation, synthetic phase-contrast X-ray image, and experimental data.