Fig. 8: Comparison of vertical and horizontal generated electric fields from laser water interaction.
From: Multi-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield accelerator

a Recovered projected electric fields ∫ Exdl and ∫ Eydl from experimental data. b Projected electric fields ∫ Exdl and ∫ Eydl obtained from 3D simulation. c Slice of electric fields Ey and Ex obtained from 3D simulation. The simulation fields are obtained following the equation E ~ ∇ P/ene, where P is the pressure field and ne is the electron number-density field output from the FLASH code.