Fig. 9: Analysis of laser-ablated plasma expansion velocity and comparison with simulation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 9: Analysis of laser-ablated plasma expansion velocity and comparison with simulation.

From: Multi-messenger dynamic imaging of laser-driven shocks in water using a plasma wakefield accelerator

Fig. 9

For FLASH simulations the measurement tracks the field edge position of the expanding plasma plume. For electron beam radiographic images the measurement tracks annular features expanding in time, where two distinct plasma species components are identified: (1) hydrogen ions plasma and (2) oxygen ions plasma. The uncertainties in the expansion radii are defined as  ± 15 μm for H+ feature and  ± 30 μm for O+ feature following experimental observations and standard deviation across multiple shots.

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