Fig. 3: Direct and indirect effects of climate and traits on species' longevity.
From: Contrasting pathways to tree longevity in gymnosperms and angiosperms
Structural equation modelling (SEM) of the multivariate effects of climate (mean annual temperature and precipitation of the driest quarter) and traits (wood density-WD, mean radial growth, and maximum tree height), on species’ longevity for angiosperms (a) and gymnosperms (b). Solid lines represent significance influence (p < 0.05) with the numbers indicating the strength of the relationships. Blue indicates positive and red negative relationships. Model statistics and direct and indirect effects and sample sizes are shown in Table 1. Omission of non-significant variables and paths, resulted in a better fit for gymnosperms, but for comparison purposes we applied the same model to both groups.
