Fig. 3: Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in Sm22α−/− colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMCs). | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in Sm22α−/− colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMCs).

From: Activation of the RSAD2-YTHDF1 axis in smooth muscle causes inflammatory bowel disease via intercellular mitochondrial transfer

Fig. 3: Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in Sm22α−/− colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMCs).

a Gene ontology terms enriched in up- and down- regulated genes from transcriptomes of colonic smooth muscle tissue isolated from Sm22α−/− mice compared to WT mice, n = 4 mice per group. b Representative transmission electron microscopy images of primary CSMCs. Arrows indicate morphological abnormalities. Scale bar, 1 μm. n = 4 biological replicates. c Immunofluorescence staining of mitochondria in WT and Sm22α−/− CSMCs using MitoTracker Deep Red (green), with nuclei counterstained with DAPI (blue)(lanes1-2). Mitochondrial superoxide levels were detected by MitoSox (red)(lane 3). Scale bar, 25 μm. d Quantification analysis of mitochondrial morphology from high-resolution confocal microscopy images (MitoTracker staining in c), n = 15 biological replicates. e Relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number measured by qRT-PCR in WT and Sm22α−/− CSMCs, n = 6 biological replicates. f Intracellular ATP levels in WT and Sm22α−/− CSMCs assessed using an ATP assay, n = 6 biological replicates. g, h Western blot analysis of mitochondrial fission regulators (FIS1 and DRP1) and fusion regulators (MFN1, MFN2 and OPA1) in WT and Sm22α−/− CSMCs with quantification of protein expression, n = 6 biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ns, not significant, P values were determined by 2-tailed Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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