Fig. 9: Model of differential biogenesis between AEVs and exosome. | Nature Communications

Fig. 9: Model of differential biogenesis between AEVs and exosome.

From: Autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) are distinct from exosomes and play crucial roles in viral infections

Fig. 9: Model of differential biogenesis between AEVs and exosome.

Upon autophagy induction, mature autophagosomes fuse with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) via Rab11 to form hybrid amphisome organelles. Autophagy cargos such as lipidated LC3B (LC3B-II) and p62, along with several ESCRT components, intermix with intraluminal vesicles through a process mediated by Rab13. This process involves intraluminal budding mechanisms that depend on the interaction between ESCRT-III components (CHMP4A and CHMP4B) and VPS4A/B. Subsequently, hybrid amphisomes release two subpopulations of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) through Rab27a-dependent exocytosis: one consisting of autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) containing autophagy cargos, ESCRT components and Rab13, the other being traditional exosomes. Created in BioRender. Ruan, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/rhh7l0k.

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