Table 1 Technical parameters for the solar-driven DAC and CO2 utilisation (DACCU) plant for the base case, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios
From: Solar-driven direct air capture to produce sustainable aviation fuel
Technical and design parameters | Units | Optimistic scenario | Base case scenario | Pessimistic scenario | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 capture capacity | Mt/yr | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | Process model |
SAF productivity | kt/yr | 141.8 | 123.4 | 52.1 | Process model |
Plant lifetime | year | 40 | 30 | 20 | |
Yearly operating hours for continuous process (L-DAC) | hr | 8000 | 8000 | 8000 | |
Yearly operating hours for the intermittent processes (solar calcination and CO2-to-SAF) | hr | 3200 | 2667 | 2286 | Process model |
Weighted average cost of capital | % | 5 | 10 | 15 | |
CO2 capture rate | % | ~90% | ~75% | ~50% | Process model |
CO2 concentration in the air | ppm | 450 | 420 | 400 | |
Air velocity | m/s | 2 | 1.4 | 1 | |
Air travel distance | M | 11.7 | 7 | 3.5 | |
Dimensions of single air contactor (length × width × depth) | M | 5 × 5 × 11.7 | 5 × 5 × 7 | 5 × 5 × 3.5 | |
Solar multiple | N/A | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | Process model |
Thermal efficiency of solar calciner | % | 80% | 60% | 40% | |
Dimensions of single solar calciner (length×width×bed height) | M | 13.4 × 1.1 × 5.3 | 13.4 × 1.1 × 5.3 | 13.4 × 1.1 × 5.3 | Process model |
Maximum size of a single solar calciner | MWth | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
Number of solar calciners | N/A | 15 | 18 | 21 | Process mode |
CAPEX of CSP | US$M | 189.5 | 379.0 | 568.4 | Process model |
Gas recovery ratio | % | 99 | 90 | 80 | Process model |
Total CO2 conversion | mol % | 98.2 | 85.8 | 75.4 | Process model |
Total jet fuel yield | mol % | 44.2 | 38.6 | 33.9 | Process model |
SAF market price | US$/kg | 1.24 | 2.47 | 3.71 | |
Catalyst cost | US$/g | 3.98 | 3.98 | 3.98 | Estimated based on the cost of elements |
Total land use | km2 | 6.44 | 7.64 | 8.84 | Process model |
Land cost | US$/m2 | 1.24 | 2.47 | 49.42 | Process model |
H2 production cost | US$/kg | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
H2 transportation cost | US$/kg | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | |
Pipeline required to transport H2 | km | 50 | 50 | 50 | |
Electricity demand for DAC | MW | 11.1-20.2 | 11.9 | 8.2-12.5 | Process model |
Electricity demand for CO2 use | MW | 75.7-91.3 | 90.9 | 90.5-106.0 | Process model |
PV electricity price | US$/MWh | 10 | 30 | 60 |
