Fig. 1: Comparison of kinetically matched and mismatched dual-intercalation AZIBs.
The upper set of panels corresponds to a kinetically matched AZIB system, in which balanced (de)intercalation rates enable a uniform Zn2+ flux. Here, ions shuttle efficiently between the electrodes without significant accumulation at the interfaces, maintaining a homogeneous electric field and minimizing polarization-behavior reflected in the well-defined, symmetric CV profile shown schematically alongside the ion-transport illustration. The lower panels represent a mismatched system where asynchronous ion transport during charge/discharge leads to interfacial Zn2+ accumulation. These local imbalances distort the internal electric field and increase polarization, as schematically indicated by the distorted CV response.
