Fig. 5: Ordered collective locomotion of defect array.
From: Harnessing acoustic topology for dynamic control of liquid crystal defects
a Trajectories of defects driven by the phase shifting from Δφ to Δφ + δφ, with colors representing elapsed time. The defects net displacement Δr(t) is shown as a function of time according to the color scale with red and blue. b–i Successive crossed POM images showing the motion of the defect array induced by phase differences, scale bar 150 μm. j Mean square distance (MSD) plotted as average over time of net displacement (Δr2) and as separate displacements along the x- and y-axis (Δx2 + Δy2). (k) Distribution of displacements along the x- and y-axis. l Displacement as a function of phase difference, characterizing the relationship between phase modulation and defect movement. m–q Visualizations of south pole preimages (light red) and locations of point defects (yellow) for a single umbilic defect (m) and a square lattice of defect arrays (n), displayed in both the xy plane and in 3D perspectives (o–q). Red arrows indicate the direction of shearing and movement caused by phase shifts.
