Fig. 1: Synthetic rewriting technologies in mammalian cells.

a Mb-scale DNA and repetitive DNA assembly techniques. Rectangles with different colors represent the assembled fragments. Pink triangles represent the repetitive DNA. b Technologies for the transfer of large DNA to mammalian cells. The left section displays the yeast-mediated transfer techniques, the right section displays the bacteria-mediated transfer techniques, and the bottom section displays the microcell-mediated transfer techniques. And the purple ring and the blue circle respectively represent the cell surface proteins and the envelope proteins. c Methods for stable maintenance of exogenous large DNA in mammalian cells. The top section displays large DNA integration into the genome. The bottom section displays human/mammalian artificial chromosomes (HACs/MACs). The circle represents exogenous large DNA. d Genome rearrangement techniques. Blue, uniform cells indicate cells without rearrangement, while colorful cells represent cells that have undergone rearrangement.