Fig. 2: Significant phenotypic traits associated with cardiometabolic diseases and depression multimorbidity: abdominal.

A cardiac B, regional cortical C and subcortical gray matter volumes D, and white matter microstructural properties including fractional anisotropy (E), mean diffusivity (F), mode of anisotropy (G), isotropic volume fraction (H), intracellular volume fraction (I), and orientation dispersion (J). Visualization methods differ by organ system due to anatomical mappability constraints. Abdominal and cardiac anatomical diagrams provide organ anatomy without trait-specific mapping, with trait associations represented through wordmap font sizes scaled to statistical significance (-log₁₀ p values). Brain images display statistical significance through both anatomical color mapping (-log₁₀ p values) and wordmap font sizes. Regional cortical volumes (Desikan-Killiany atlas) and subcortical gray matter volumes (aseg atlas) are mapped onto brain surfaces, while white matter microstructural properties (JHU ICBM-DTI-81 atlas) are rendered in Montreal Neurological Institute-152 space. The associations were estimated based on logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, education level, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and imaging site. Whole body surface and de-meaned scanner table coordinates were additionally adjusted in the brain analysis and heart analysis, respectively. Two-sided t-tests were used for all associations, and false discovery rate adjustment was applied for multiple comparisons. Complete results of all association analyses are presented in Supplementary Data 2. FA fractional anisotropy, ICVF intracellular volume fraction, ISOVF isotropic volume fraction, L left hemisphere, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, MD mean diffusivity, MO mode of anisotropy, OD orientation dispersion, PDFF proton density fat fraction, R right hemisphere, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle.