Fig. 4: Associations between single metabolites and NDD risk at 10 years. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Associations between single metabolites and NDD risk at 10 years.

From: Longitudinal metabolome profiling from pregnancy through childhood and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders at age 10

Fig. 4: Associations between single metabolites and NDD risk at 10 years.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Maternal week 24 plasma metabolites associated with NDD in offspring (adjusted). b Maternal week 24 plasma metabolites associated with ADHD in offspring (adjusted). c Maternal week 24 plasma metabolites associated with autism in offspring, adjusted. d Associations between child age 18 months plasma metabolites and NDD at age 10 years. e Associations between child age 18 months plasma metabolites and ADHD at 10 years. f Associations between child age 18 months plasma metabolites and autism at 10 years. Two-sided P < 0.05 was considered significant. All associations are nominally significant, while none of them remained significant after FDR 5% correction. Top 20 metabolites with the highest absolute OR from each analysis were shown. g Associations between highlighted metabolites and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Note: N = 581 for w24, N = 579 for w1, N = 520, N = 535, N = 477, N = 520 for 6 months, 18 months, 6 years, and 10 years of children, respectively. Error bars represent covariate-adjusted log(OR) with 95%CI. Covariates adjusted for week 24 were maternal BMI, maternal age, smoking, antibiotic use, pre-eclampsia, diabetes and alcohol intake during pregnancy, household income, maternal and paternal educational attainment at birth, gestational age, child sex, and birth weight. Covariates of 18-months children: sex, maternal and paternal educational attainment, household income, and BMI Z-score of children. Logistic regression was applied and adjusted for multiple comparisons using FDR (a–g). P values and the FDR-corrected P values are available in the Source data file. “*” indicates nominal significance of P < 0.05 after covariates adjustment (a–g). w24 gestational week 24, w1 week 1 postpartum, 6mth 6 months of children, 18 mth 18 months of children, 6yr 6 years of children, 10yr 10 years of children, NDD neurodevelopmental disorder, ADHD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OR odd ratio, CI confidence interval. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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