Fig. 3: Formation of TFN membranes using LLC interlayer. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Formation of TFN membranes using LLC interlayer.

From: Self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal interlayer regulated interfacial polymerization for modulating structure and performance of nanofiltration membranes

Fig. 3

a Schematic diagram of interfacial polymerization on top of an LLC layer. An LLC layer is uniformly deposited on the PSf surface, followed by interfacial polymerization of piperazine (aqueous phase) and trimesoyl chloride (hexane phase) to form a polyamide active layer on top. b SEM cross-sectional image of asymmetric polyamide active layer formed on PSf support. c Elemental mapping image of N element and S element. d SEM surface image of polyamide. e SEM cross-sectional image of the cavity structure inside the polyamide. f TEM cross-sectional image of the crumpled polyamide formed on PSf support. g AFM image and schematic representation of the crumpled polyamide formed on PSf support. h AFM image and schematic representation of the smooth PSf substrate.

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