Fig. 3: Structure characterization of Ni-foam structured inverse catalyst.

a Aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM image of scraped CeZrOx/NiO catalyst; b EDS elemental mappings of scraped CeZrOx/NiO catalyst, showing the distribution of Ni, Ce and Zr; c High resolution HAADF-STEM image of the 1# area in (a) and the analysis of lattice fringes; d In-situ XPS of Ce 3d, Ni 2p, O 1s and Zr 3d of calcined and reduced CeZrOx/Ni/Ni-foam catalyst; e Large area integral CeZrOx/Ni/Ni-foam catalyst preparation (6 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm).