Abstract
Iontronic power source harnesses ion-electron coupling effect for energy conversion, offering great potential in wearable electronics and bioelectronics. However, its limited power density and insufficient current hinder the progress toward commercialization. Here we report an iontronic electricity generator based on intrinsic asymmetric interfaces and controllable energy-release, which reaches a maximum volumetric power density of up to 3680 W m-3, area power density of 18.4 W m-2, and peak current of more than 5 A. Cycling power generation is ascribed to reversible electron-coupled ion-oscillation at interface. Synergistically, the intrinsic asymmetric interfaces facilitate ion-electron coupling interaction, and the energy-release gate optimizes the energy conversion pathway, thus ensuring giant power output. The developed generator shows large-scale manufacturability and good flexibility. These exceptional performances in iontronic power source not only offer useful paradigms for wearable electronics, but also indicate a strategy and direction into high-power energy conversion from low-grade environmental source.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFB4609100 to L.Q.), Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China (JYB2025XDXM201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22035005 to L.Q., T2596012, 52090032, 52350362 to H.C.). Sincere thanks go to Prof. Tianling Ren’s group for their generous support in experiments and comments on the manuscript.
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L.Q. initiated and guided the research. H.W. designed and performed the experiments. L.Q. and H.W. wrote and revised the manuscript. F.L. and J.L. conducted the theoretical calculation. J.D., Y.W., T.H., Q.L., Q.Z. and H.C. gave advice on experiments. All authors discussed the results and reviewed the manuscript. L.Q. supervised the entire project.
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Wang, H., Dang, J., Wang, Y. et al. Intrinsic asymmetric iontronic-interfaces for giant power generation. Nat Commun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-68135-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-68135-z
