Table 3 Sensitivity analyses on primary and secondary outcomes at week 16 and 32 in intention-to-treat analysesa

From: Once and thrice weekly interval training in adults with central obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

Control Group (n = 105)

H1 Group (n = 105)

H3 Group (n = 105)

Group effect

H1 group vs. control group

H3 group vs. control group

H3 group vs. H1 group

Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)

P Value

Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)

P Value

Mean fat mass (SD), kg

 Week 0

28.5 (5.9); (n = 105)

29.4 (5.6); (n = 105)

29.1 (6.6); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

28.8 (6.4); (n = 99)

28.7 (5.9); (n = 99)

27.8 (6.6); (n = 99)

<0.0001

−0.8 (−1.3 to −0.2)

0.0075

−1.2 (−1.8 to −0.7)

<0.0001

−0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1)

0.0992

 Week 32

27.9 (6.3); (n = 95)

28.3 (5.9); (n = 93)

28.1 (7.2); (n = 94)

0.3265

−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.5)

0.4851

−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.3)

0.3295

−0.1 (−0.8 to 0.7)

0.8192

Secondary outcomes

Mean fat percentage (SD), %

 Week 0

38.2 (4.9); (n = 105)

38.5 (5.0); (n = 105)

38.3 (4.8); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

38.4 (4.7); (n = 99)

37.9 (5.3); (n = 99)

37.4 (5.0); (n = 99)

<0.0001

−0.8 (−1.3 to −0.3)

0.0021

−1.1 (−1.6 to −0.6)

<0.0001

−0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2)

0.2391

 Week 32

37.8 (5.1); (n = 95)

37.8 (5.3); (n = 93)

37.5 (5.1); (n = 94)

0.4052

−0.2 (−0.8 to 0.3)

0.4177

−0.2 (−0.8 to 0.3)

0.4100

−0.0 (−0.6 to 0.6)

0.9826

Mean lean mass (SD), kg

 Week 0

44.5 (9.0); (n = 105)

45.6 (10.6); (n = 105)

44.9 (9.5); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

44.2 (8.8); (n = 99)

45.5 (10.6); (n = 99)

44.7 (9.8); (n = 99)

0.1491

0.4 (−0.0 to 0.9)

0.0561

0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7)

0.1547

−0.1 (−0.6 to 0.3)

0.5903

 Week 32

44.0 (9.1); (n = 95)

45.1 (10.5); (n = 93)

44.7 (9.9); (n = 94)

0.7820

0.1 (−0.4 to 0.6)

0.7254

−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.4)

0.7750

−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.3)

0.5359

Mean body weight (SD), kg

   Week 0

75.0 (12.9); (n = 105)

77.0 (14.3); (n = 105)

76.1 (14.3); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

74.9 (13.5); (n = 99)

76.2 (14.6); (n = 99)

74.5 (14.6); (n = 99)

0.0094

−0.4 (−1.1 to 0.3)

0.2497

−0.9 (−1.5 to −0.2)

0.0094

−0.4 (−1.2 to 0.3)

0.2251

 Week 32

73.8 (13.4); (n = 95)

75.4 (14.5); (n = 93)

74.8 (15.3); (n = 94)

0.4236

−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.7)

0.5956

−0.4 (−1.2 to 0.5)

0.4258

−0.1 (−1.1 to 0.9)

0.8426

Mean BMI (SD), kg/m2

 Week 0

28.3 (3.6); (n = 105)

28.7 (3.7); (n = 105)

29.1 (4.2); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

28.2 (3.9); (n = 99)

28.4 (3.8); (n = 99)

28.5 (4.1); (n = 99)

0.0039

−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1)

0.3107

−0.4 (−0.6 to −0.1)

0.0039

−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0)

0.0932

 Week 32

27.9 (3.8); (n = 95)

28.1 (3.7); (n = 93)

28.6 (4.3); (n = 94)

0.3113

−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.3)

0.7464

−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.2)

0.3101

−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3)

0.5343

Mean waist circumference (SD), cm

 Week 0

94.2 (8.6); (n = 105)

95.4 (9.0); (n = 105)

95.0 (10.3); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

93.5 (9.3); (n = 99)

92.6 (9.8); (n = 99)

92.4 (11.5); (n = 99)

0.0009

−1.9 (−3.0 to −0.9)

0.0004

−1.9 (−3.1 to −0.8)

0.0010

0.0 (−1.1 to 1.2)

0.9929

 Week 32

93.0 (9.6); (n = 95)

92.3 (10.3); (n = 93)

92.7 (12.3); (n = 94)

0.0111

−1.5 (−2.9 to −0.1)

0.0315

−1.7 (−3.1 to −0.4)

0.0118

−0.2 (−1.7 to 1.2)

0.7727

Mean systolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg

 Week 0

119.6 (15.6); (n = 105)

118.9 (13.8); (n = 105)

122.8 (15.9); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

117.7 (13.7); (n = 99)

118.2 (11.7); (n = 99)

119.3 (16.3); (n = 99)

0.8795

0.9 (−1.5 to 3.2)

0.4732

−0.2 (−2.9 to 2.4)

0.8678

−1.1 (−3.6 to 1.4)

0.3962

 Week 32

117.2 (14.0); (n = 95)

117.5 (13.0); (n = 93)

119.0 (14.4); (n = 94)

0.4737

0.2 (−2.4 to 2.8)

0.8644

−0.9 (−3.5 to 1.6)

0.4673

−1.2 (−3.9 to 1.6)

0.4132

Mean diastolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg

 Week 0

76.1 (10.4); (n = 105)

75.0 (9.8); (n = 105)

77.2 (11.6); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

75.2 (9.5); (n = 99)

74.2 (9.7); (n = 99)

74.1 (11.5); (n = 99)

0.0962

−0.4 (−2.3 to 1.4)

0.6435

−1.6 (−3.5 to 0.3)

0.0945

−1.2 (−3.1 to 0.7)

0.2103

 Week 32

74.0 (10.1); (n = 95)

73.1 (9.0); (n = 93)

74.8 (10.8); (n = 94)

0.5818

−0.6 (−2.4 to 1.3)

0.5559

−0.5 (−2.5 to 1.4)

0.5859

0.0 (−2.0 to 2.0)

0.9934

Mean fasting plasma glucose level (SD), mmol/Lb

 Week 0

5.1 (0.7); (n = 105)

5.1 (1.3); (n = 105)

5.1 (0.7); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

5.1 (0.8); (n = 99)

5.0 (0.9); (n = 98)

5.1 (0.6); (n = 99)

0.1682

−0.15 (−0.28 to −0.01)

0.0304

−0.10 (−0.24 to 0.04)

0.1734

0.05 (−0.08 to 0.17)

0.4442

 Week 32

5.1 (1.0); (n = 95)

4.9 (0.6); (n = 92)

5.0 (0.5); (n = 94)

0.2288

−0.15 (−0.35 to 0.04)

0.1235

−0.12 (−0.32 to 0.08)

0.2323

0.03 (−0.12 to 0.19)

0.6683

Mean total cholesterol level (SD), mmol/Lb

 Week 0

5.6 (1.0); (n = 105)

5.4 (0.9); (n = 105)

5.5 (1.1); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

5.5 (1.1); (n = 99)

5.2 (0.9); (n = 98)

5.4 (1.0); (n = 99)

0.9969

−0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06)

0.2047

0.00 (−0.18 to 0.18)

0.9847

0.11 (−0.06 to 0.29)

0.2073

 Week 32

5.4 (1.2); (n = 95)

5.2 (1.0); (n = 92)

5.2 (0.9); (n = 94)

0.4930

−0.10 (−0.32 to 0.11)

0.3449

−0.07 (−0.27 to 0.13)

0.4970

0.03 (−0.17 to 0.23)

0.7484

Mean HDL-C level (SD), mmol/Lb

 Week 0

1.5 (0.3); (n = 105)

1.5 (0.3); (n = 105)

1.4 (0.3); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

1.4 (0.3); (n = 99)

1.4 (0.3); (n = 98)

1.4 (0.3); (n = 99)

0.6316

0.00 (−0.04 to 0.05)

0.9057

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06)

0.6296

0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06)

0.6950

 Week 32

1.4 (0.3); (n = 95)

1.4 (0.3); (n = 92)

1.4 (0.3); (n = 94)

0.5325

0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07)

0.3793

0.02 (−0.04 to 0.07)

0.5391

−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05)

0.8204

Mean LDL-C level (SD), mmol/Lb

 Week 0

3.5 (0.9); (n = 105)

3.4 (0.7); (n = 105)

3.4 (0.9); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

3.5 (0.8); (n = 99)

3.2 (0.7); (n = 98)

3.4 (0.9); (n = 99)

0.9870

−0.12 (−0.26 to 0.02)

0.1043

0.00 (−0.14 to 0.15)

0.9692

0.12 (−0.03 to 0.27)

0.1093

 Week 32

3.4 (1.0); (n = 95)

3.2 (0.8); (n = 92)

3.2 (0.8); (n = 94)

0.3082

−0.10 (−0.28 to 0.09)

0.3039

−0.09 (−0.26 to 0.08)

0.3105

0.01 (−0.16 to 0.18)

0.9171

Mean triglyceride level (SD), mmol/Lb

 Week 0

1.4 (0.7); (n = 105)

1.2 (0.5); (n = 105)

1.4 (0.8); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

1.3 (0.7); (n = 99)

1.2 (0.5); (n = 98)

1.3 (0.9); (n = 99)

0.8018

−0.00 (−0.15 to 0.14)

0.9586

−0.02 (−0.22 to 0.17)

0.8009

−0.02 (−0.19 to 0.14)

0.8010

 Week 32

1.3 (0.8); (n = 95)

1.1 (0.5); (n = 92)

1.4 (0.9); (n = 94)

0.9220

−0.06 (−0.22 to 0.10)

0.4716

0.01 (−0.17 to 0.18)

0.9125

0.07 (−0.08 to 0.22)

0.3770

Mean VO2max (SD), mL/kg/min

 Week 0

26.8 (4.4); (n = 105)

26.4 (5.2); (n = 105)

25.9 (5.1); (n = 105)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Week 16

26.6 (4.9); (n = 97)

28.0 (6.1); (n = 97)

28.7 (5.3); (n = 97)

<0.0001

1.5 (0.5 to 2.5)

0.0026

2.9 (1.9 to 3.9)

<0.0001

1.4 (0.3 to 2.4)

0.0109

 Week 32

26.4 (5.0); (n = 91)

26.9 (6.3); (n = 91)

27.3 (5.8); (n = 89)

0.0056

0.8 (−0.3 to 1.9)

0.1344

1.6 (0.5 to 2.8)

0.0057

0.8 (−0.4 to 2.0)

0.1777

  1. BMI body mass index, H1 once-weekly HIIT, H3 thrice-weekly HIIT, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VO2max maximal oxygen consumption.
  2. aSensitivity analyses examined by generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed to assess the robustness of the results using group (3 levels) as the main effect with baseline measurements, sex, age, BMI, income, education, attendance, physical activity and dietary intake as covariates. Missing values were handled using multiple imputation. Pairwise treatment comparisons were performed by linear contrasts, with exact P values (two-sided) in bold indicating statistical significance. Adjustment for multiple comparisons were performed using the Holm-Bonferroni procedure only for the primary outcome of the change in fat mass from baseline to week 16.
  3. bTo convert glucose values to mg/dL, divide by 0.0555. To convert total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C values to mg/dL, divide by 0.0259. To convert triglyceride values to mg/dL, divide by 0.0113.
Back to article page