Fig. 4: Global distribution of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUEmod) estimated by the P-model.

Spatial distribution of mean iWUEmod (a). Spatial distribution of mean differences between iWUEobs and iWUEmod (b). Mean differences between iWUEcom and iWUEmod across eight plant functional types (PFTs) (c). Box plots display means (white dots), medians (horizontal lines), the 25th and 75th percentiles (box edges), and the 5th and 95th percentiles (whiskers). PFTs include ENF (evergreen needleleaf forests, n = 124731), EBF (evergreen broadleaf forests, n = 404627), DNF (deciduous needleleaf forests, n = 13949), DBF (deciduous broadleaf forests, n = 107884), MF (mixed forests, n = 258565), SHR (shrublands, n = 689230), SAV (savannas, n = 1102465) and GRA (grasslands, n = 927489). n denotes the number of image pixels for each PFT. Non-natural vegetation areas and deserts with less than 10% vegetation coverage were masked, as were grid units dominated by C4 vegetation.