Fig. 1: Observed precipitation trend and its moisture sources for the Amazon.
From: Historical deforestation drives strong rainfall decline across the southern Amazon basin
a Precipitation trend in the GPCP dataset. b Precipitation trend in the GPCC dataset. The horizontal black line, at the latitude of 7.5 °S, indicates our division between the northern and southern Amazon basins, while the outer black curve defines the full spatial extent of the Amazon basin. Stippling is for locations where the trend is statistically significant (p < 0.05). c Precipitation trend averaged over the whole, northern and southern Amazon basins for the two precipitation datasets. Error bars represent the standard errors of the trends. Asterisks indicate that the trend is significant (p < 0.05). d Direct oceanic contributions to precipitation trend (P_oceanic). e Terrestrial recycled contributions to precipitation trend (P_recycled). f Oceanic and terrestrial recycled contributions to precipitation trends averaged over the whole, northern and southern Amazon basins. In all panels, all trends are calculated for the period 1980–2019 inclusively. In (d–f), P_oceanic and P_recycled are derived from atmospheric moisture tracking based on the GPCP dataset. GPCC-based moisture tracking results are presented in Supplementary Fig. 2. Here, P_total = P_recycled + P_oceanic. Source data are provided with this paper.
