Fig. 4: Performance of the nano reporter in FPOC sensing and quantification.
From: A nano-structured reporter for high-sensitivity contaminant detection in groundwater
a Comparison of predicted vs. actual FPOC content under varied hydrogeological and environmental settings. The solid shows the 1:1 relationship, and the shaded area represents the 99% confidence interval for the correlation. b–e Left, heterogeneity of different aquifer materials characterized with SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); right, breakthrough curves of the nano carrier (PVA-fCB) and the contaminant probe (NR) from the columns packed with different aquifer materials. f, g Left, photographs showing the distribution of FPOCs in the columns, and the FPOC saturation (Sn) profiles across different sections of the columns with low, medium, and high FPOC contents; right, breakthrough curves of PVA-fCB and NR from columns of different FPOC distribution patterns. Column experiments were run in duplicate, with the error bars representing the variabilities.
