Table 3 Morning and evening plasma AD biomarker levels in sleep and sleep deprivation conditions*

From: The glymphatic system clears amyloid beta and tau from brain to plasma in humans

Condition

Amyloid Status

Plasma Biomarker [units]

Morning Plasma Levels

(ConcAM)

Evening Plasma Levels

(ConcPM)

Differences

(evening – morning)

DF

P

(evening v morning)

P

(sleep v wake)

Sleep

Positive

Aβ40 [pg/mL]

401.8 (56.8)

412.5 (72.6)

10.71 (37.9)

10

0.371

0.682

Aβ42 [pg/mL]

32.2 (5.6)

33.2 (6.2)

1.05 (4.01)

10

0.406

0.895

np-tau181 [pg/mL]

89.8 (20.8)

92.7 (23.2)

2.87 (10.9)

10

0.401

0.118

np-tau217 [pg/mL]

101.3 (25.3)

108.3 (25.7)

7.05 (16.2)

10

0.179

0.210

p-tau181 [pg/mL]

13.2 (4.7)

14.4 (5.7)

1.26 (1.7)

10

0.035

0.102

Negative

Ab40 [pg/mL]

411.6 (55.4)

423.8 (50.5)

12.18 (25.7)

24

0.026

0.998

Ab42 [pg/mL]

42.4 (5.8)

45.4 (5.8)

2.94 (4.96)

24

0.007

0.235

np-tau181 [pg/mL]

66.8 (19.3)

68.5 (29.4)

1.70 (15.5)

26

0.574

0.218

np-tau217 [pg/mL]

83.2 (24.2)

84.9 (35.3)

1.68 (20.4)

26

0.673

0.088

p-tau181 [pg/mL]

9.5 (3.0)

10.2 (4.0)

0.68 (2.22)

26

0.122

0.791

Sleep Deprivation / Wake

Positive

Aβ40 [pg/mL]

426.8 (69.8)

431.4 (72.2)

4.52 (28.6)

8

0.648

 

Aβ42 [pg/mL]

35.1 (5.8)

36.4 (5.4)

1.26 (2.95)

8

0.237

 

np-tau181 [pg/mL]

84.7 (18.0)

100.4 (34.9)

15.64 (20.5)

8

0.051

 

np-tau217 [pg/mL]

97.0 (23.0)

116.2 (42.5)

19.20 (23.6)

8

0.040

 

p-tau181 [pg/mL]

13.8 (5.2)

16.6 (6.3)

2.80 (2.15)

8

0.005

 

Negative

Aβ40 [pg/mL]

379.4 (35.2)

391.6 (43.8)

12.16 (33.7)

22

0.098

 

Aβ42 [pg/mL]

39.6 (4.7)

41.1 (5.5)

1.56 (2.78)

22

0.013

 

np-tau181 [pg/mL]

57.1 (19.3)

63.8 (25.6)

6.69 (12.8)

22

0.020

 

np-tau217 [pg/mL]

68.6 (21.4)

79.2 (30.8)

10.59 (15.7)

22

0.004

 

p-tau181 [pg/mL]

8.1 (2.6)

9.0 (3.0)

0.85 (2.12)

22

0.069

 
  1. *Data shown as mean (SD). ConcAM, morning plasma level; ConcPM, evening plasma level; DF, degrees of freedom; Two-sided p-values were calculated using a t-distribution and were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. First column of p-values (evening v morning) tests evening versus morning biomarker plasma level differences. Second column of p-values (sleep v wake) tests sleep versus wake change in evening-morning differences of biomarker plasma levels. Bolded P values reflect significant associations at P < 0.05.
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