Fig. 5: Model-predicted decreases in glycolytic flux correlate with increased redox modification of glycolytic enzymes.
a Experimental design for switch-tag redox proteomics in Drosophila thoracic muscle under HSD conditions. Elements created in BioRender. Moon, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/1nasxv2. b PCA plot showing variance in oxidized peptides between HSD and NSD conditions. c Volcano plot displaying differentially oxidized peptides in thoracic muscle between HSD and NSD conditions. The intensities were normalized within each protein across samples. d Dot plot showing KEGG pathway enrichment (Drosophila) based on significantly oxidized peptides. e Heatmap showing the significantly oxidized peptides in glycolysis between NSD and HSD conditions. f Correlation between model-predicted relative flux changes (HSD-muscle-GEM/Unconstrained) and relative oxidation state changes of glycolytic enzyme peptides (HSD/NSD). Relative oxidation state was calculated as the average oxidation level of peptides from each enzyme in HSD, normalized to NSD. Relative oxidation state values (y-axis) are shown as mean ± SEM from biologically independent replicates (n = 6), and model-predicted flux values (x-axis) are shown as mean ± SEM from flux sampling simulations (n = 10,000). The dashed red line represents a linear regression fit, with the shaded region indicating the 95% confidence interval. Correlation was evaluated using a two-sided Pearson correlation test (r = −0.771, p = 0.0251). g Boxplot showing normalized intensity of significantly oxidized GAPDH peptide. Center line is median; box limits are first and third quartiles; whiskers are 1.5 × interquartile range; points represent biologically independent replicates (n = 6). Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t-test and the p-value is shown above the plot. h Climbing ability of male Mhcts > attp40 (control), or GAPDH1-RNAi flies, measured at day 5 and 10 after fed with HSD. Bar represent mean ± SD, and individual points indicate biological replicates (n = 3). Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests comparing control vs. GAPDH1-RNAi within each time point; ns not significant, * p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
