Fig. 4: Associations of plasma proteins with cardiometabolic risk profiles.

a Top 27 plasma proteins associated with cardiometabolic risk features (P < 5% FDR), identified through logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI SDS. b Associations of top proteins with cardiometabolic traits, tested with linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI SDS. c Associations between five proteins and liver enzymes with significant overweight/obesity interactions (P < 5% FDR). Linear regression models included an interaction term for overweight/obesity vs. normal weight, adjusted for age and sex. β-coefficients (center) with 95% CIs (error bars) are shown separately for the overweight/obesity (light blue; n = 2356) and normal weight (brown; n = 1619) groups. d Discriminant accuracy of three proteins and liver enzymes for diagnosing steatotic liver disease (SLD; liver fat ≥ 5.0%). The protein panel was identified via LASSO regression for feature selection, followed by logistic regression for final classification. Analysis was performed on 425 participants, with controls down-sampled to match the 76 cases of SLD. Each ROC curve is accompanied by its corresponding 95% CI (shaded area), and the mean AUC values with their respective 95% CIs are provided for each curve. AUC area under the curve. Source data are provided as a Source data file.