Fig. 6: ILC1s generated from UCB CD34⁺ cells confer anti-AML activity.

a Schematic of culture conditions. UCB CD34⁺ HSCs were cultured on either OP9-DL1 or OP9-DL4 cells in the presence of Flt3-L, SCF, IL-3, IL-7, and IL-15 for 14 days. Created in BioRender. Ma, R. (2024) https://BioRender.com/w45e333. b Percentage of CD161⁺ and CD161⁻ ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s within Lin⁻ cells. c Representative expression of IFNγ, T-BET, and EOMES within CD161⁻ ILC1s on day 14. d Representative expression of NKG2A, NKG2D, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5, KIR2DL1/S1/S3/S5, and CD200R in ILC1s. e The fold change of harvested ILC1s vs. pre-seeded UCB CD34⁺ HSCs cultured on OP9-DL1 cells in the presence of Flt3-L, SCF, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-3 (n = 4 HDs). f, g Representative flow cytometry plots (f) and summary data of (g) the percentages of apoptotic cells identified by Annexin V and DAPI in human LSCs (n = 4 HDs; n = 4 AML patients). h Schematic of the design and procedures for (i). Images were created with Adobe Photoshop. i Survival of the mice transplanted with LSCs and treated without or with UCB CD34⁺ cell-derived CD161⁻ ILC1s (n  = 6 mice). Survival data were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. j Schematic of the design and procedures reported in (k) showing 5 × 10⁴ LSCs were i.v. injected into NSG-SGM3 mice on day 0. One day later, mice were randomized to receive (1) no ILC1 or NK cell infusion; (2) 1.5 × 10⁵ UCB CD34⁺ cell-derived CD161⁻ ILC1s; (3) 1.5 × 10⁵ UCB CD34⁺ cell-derived NK cells, or (4) 1.5 × 10⁵ UCB CD34⁺ cell-derived CD161⁻ ILC1s plus anti-IFNγ (500 μg given intraperitoneally every 2 days for 8 days). Images were created with Adobe Photoshop. Survival data (n = 5 mice) were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Data are shown as the means ± s.d. NS: not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.