Table 2 Baseline clinical features and current treatments of the IDES_2 participants by vital status

From: Effect of a behavioral counseling for adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle on long-term mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: post hoc analysis of the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study_2

 

Dead

Alive

p

N (%)

53 (17.7)

247 (82.3)

 

HbA1c, %

7.76 ± 1.75

7.29 ± 1.42

0.036

FPG, mg/dl

142.5 ± 50.3

135.1 ± 46.7

0.299

BMI, kg/m2

30.2 ± 5.5

30.0 ± 5.0

0.756

Waist circumference, cm

104.1 ± 13.8

103.5 ± 12.6

0.777

Triglycerides, mg/dl

160.0 ± 86.6

161.4 ± 129.4

0.938

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

173.5 ± 40.9

181.9 ± 38.4

0.153

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

44.7 ± 14.4

47.8 ± 13.8

0.140

LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

103.8 ± 34.7

113.4 ± 33.0

0.059

Systolic BP, mmHg

146.3 ± 21.2

138.7 ± 20.1

0.015

Diastolic BP, mmHg

83.5 ± 14.8

82.7 ± 10.9

0.669

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

77.5 ± 20.1

89.2 ± 17.4

<0.0001

ACR, mg/g

225.4 ± 708.2

40.8 ± 150.1

<0.0001

CHD, score

29.9 ± 17.2

18.7 ± 12.0

<0.0001

Fatal CHD, score

23.9 ± 16.8

13.2 ± 10.8

<0.0001

Stroke, score

22.4 ± 17.2

11.5 ± 10.6

<0.0001

Fatal stroke, score

3.88 ± 3.84

1.83 ± 1.86

<0.0001

SED-time, h/day

11.9 ± 1.2

11.5 ± 1.2

0.035

LPA, h/day

3.48 ± 1.37

4.02 ± 1.33

0.008

MVPA, min/day

11.1 ± 4.5

12.6 ± 4.6

0.029

Total PA volume, METs-h/week

9.4 ± 4.7

11.4 ± 4.6

0.005

VO2max, ml/min/kg

22.2 ± 7.0

25.2 ± 6.6

0.002

Upper body muscle strength, Nm

250.0 ± 87.9

254.4 ± 92.9

0.750

Lower body muscle strength, Nm

149.9 ± 55.4

164.1 ± 61.9

0.124

Bending test, cm

19.3 ± 12.8

16.2 ± 11.4

0.078

Medications

Anti-hyperglycemic agents

48 (90.6)

227 (91.9)

0.749

Insulin

15 (28.3)

39 (15.8)

0.031

Metformin

34 (64.2)

192 (77.7)

0.037

Glitazones

9 (17.0)

31 (12.6)

0.389

Sulfonylureas

18 (34.0)

80 (32.4)

0.825

Repaglinide

8 (15.1)

28 (11.3)

0.445

DPP-4 inhibitors

9 (17.0)

31 (12.6)

0.389

GLP-1 receptor agonists

10 (18.9)

68 (27.5)

0.192

SGLT-2 inhibitors

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NA

Lipid-lowering agents

33 (62.3)

138 (55.9)

0.394

Statins

27 (50.9)

115 (46.6)

0.562

Ezetimibe

4 (7.5)

12 (4.9)

0.429

Fibrates

5 (9.4)

20 (8.1)

0.749

Omega-3

4 (7.5)

19 (7.7)

0.971

Anti-hypertensive agents

44 (83.0)

175 (70.9)

0.070

ACE-inhibitors

17 (32.1)

57 (23.1)

0.168

Angiotensin receptor blockers

27 (50.9)

98 (39.7)

0.131

Calcium-channel blockers

13 (24.5)

48 (19.4)

0.403

α-blockers

7 (13.2)

17 (6.9)

0.124

β-blockers

20 (37.7)

54 (21.9)

0.015

Diuretics

22 (41.5)

76 (30.8)

0.130

Anti-platelet/anti-coagulant agents

32 (60.4)

91 (36.8)

0.002

  1. Data are mean ± SD or number of cases (percentage). Between-group differences were assessed by two-sided Student’s t test for continuous variables, and Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables.
  2. IDES Italian diabetes and exercise study, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, FPG fasting plasma glucose, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin:creatinine ratio, CHD coronary heart disease, SED-time sedentary time, LPA light-intensity physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, PA physical activity, METs metabolic equivalents, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake, DDP dipeptidyl peptidase, GLP glucagon-like peptide, SGLT sodium-glucose transporter, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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